Rare earth permanent magnets are widely used in electronics, automotive, aerospace/defense, and renewable energy.
April 7, 2020
USA Rare Earth, LLC, the funding and development partner of the Round Top Heavy Rare Earth and Critical Minerals Project in West Texas, is pleased to
announce that that it has purchased the neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet manufacturing equipment formerly owned
and operated in North Carolina by Hitachi Metals America, Ltd.
Demand for rare earth magnets is being driven by electric vehicles (electric motors and batteries), wind generators (direct drive generators), medical devices (personal “vital signs” monitors and medical imaging machines), smart phones, and aerospace/defense applications, where high-performance in extreme conditions is important.
The $14 billion-a-year rare earth magnet market is more than 60% controlled by China which, under Made in China 2025, is increasingly using rare earth magnets in finished and semi-finished products, as opposed to exporting the magnets. Industry sources estimate the global rare earth magnet market will nearly double by 2027.
The equipment purchased by USA Rare Earth should provide most of what is needed to re-establish rare earth magnet production in the U.S. and, with the addition of some readily-available components, can produce at least 2,000 tonnes annually of rare earth magnets.
At 2,000 tonnes per year, the USA Rare Earth Magnet Plant would produce approximately 17% of the current U.S. market, and would generate more than $140 million in annual sales (at 2019 prices). At present, no other NdFeB permanent magnet manufacturing plant is operational in the Americas.
USA Rare Earth will warehouse the equipment pending a decision about where to locate the new magnet operation, with the priority being good access to the Round Top Project, located in Texas. At the same time, USA Rare Earth plans to work with manufacturers of rare earth metals and alloys in order to convert the highly purified rare earth oxides from Round Top into magnets.
“Acquiring this capability is consistent with our mine-to-magnet strategy,” said Pini Althaus, CEO of USA Rare Earth. “We did not want the United States to lose this key equipment, so when it became clear that was an imminent possibility, we moved quickly to ensure that this essential part of the critical minerals supply chain remains in the U.S. We have commenced discussions with the domestic U.S. electric vehicle and defense sectors to determine their needs and to work together to establish a domestic source of not only the raw materials from Round Top, but also the finished magnet product. We expect to partner with one or more groups that have expertise in rare earth magnet manufacturing.”
“Together with the critical materials contained in our Round Top project, coupled with our new processing plant and now the acquisition of the rare earth magnet manufacturing equipment, we have put into place the key building blocks for re-establishing a domestic critical minerals supply chain independent of China.” added Mr. Althaus.
This acquisition is complimentary to the Company’s Round Top Project in West Texas, which it is developing with Texas Mineral Resources Corp. (OTCQB: TMRC), and its pilot processing facility located in Wheat Ridge, Colorado. Round Top is rich in heavy rare earths, including dysprosium and terbium, which are required for NdFeB magnets. USA Rare Earth plans to produce high-purity separated rare earth powders at Round Top that could support this newly-acquired magnet manufacturing capacity and create a secure, reliable domestic supply chain. Round Top is also projected to produce 10,000 tonnes of lithium a year directed at the electric vehicle battery market.
“Developing a full rare earth supply chain independent of China is essential for both the national economy and national security,” said General Paul Kern, US Army (ret.), Board member of USA Rare Earth. “This plant provides the relevant industries in the U.S. the possibility of purchasing U.S. manufactured permanent magnets, without the reliance on China for this key component. The importance of this acquisition should not be underestimated.”
In December, 2019 Reuters reported that, according to a government document seen by Reuters detailing the latest attempt to weaken China’s control over the rare earths sector, the U.S. military plans to stockpile rare earth magnets used in Javelin missiles and F-35 fighter jets. Reuters further reported that the Pentagon is seeking proposals to cache a six-month supply of neodymium iron boron magnets, which the document describes as being “a type of rare earth magnet essential to weapons manufacturing."
Rare Earth Magnets
According to industry estimates, permanent magnets are a $21 billion-a-year global market split between high performance magnets (70%) and lower performance ferrite magnets (30%) used in applications such as chargers for electrical devices and other applications where weight and performance are less important and operating conditions are less extreme.
At $13.8 billion, rare earth magnets dominate the high-performance magnet market, replacing aluminum-nickel cobalt and samarium-cobalt technologies. Industry sources project the global rare earth magnet market will expand by nearly 100% to $27.0 billion in 2027.
In 2019, the U.S. purchased approximately 12,000 metric tonnes of rare earth magnets at an average price of approximately $71,000 per tonne, according to industry estimates, representing 6% of the global rare earth magnet market. Note that this does not include magnets in finished and semi-finished products that are imported – since the U.S. was approximately 23.6% of global GDP in 2019, total imports of magnets could be at least four times the magnet-only numbers.
If the U.S. merely maintains its current 6% share of the global market, annual purchases of rare earth magnets will increase by more than 7,000 tonnes by 2027, or an annual increase of more than 900 tonnes per year.
USA Rare Earth (NdFeB) Permanent Magnet Plant
In late 2011, Hitachi announced the phased construction of a state-of-the-art sintered rare earth magnet manufacturing facility, planning to spend up to $60 million over four years. However, following settlement of the rare earth trade dispute between China and Japan, Hitachi closed the plant in 2015 after less than two years of operation. The equipment purchased by USA Rare Earth provides most of what is needed to re-establish rare earth magnet production in the U.S. and, with the addition of some readily-available components, can produce at least 2,000 tonnes annually of rare earth magnets. The Company and its potential partners will develop a detailed business plan and budget.
At 2,000 tonnes per year, the USA Rare Earth Magnet Plant would produce approximately 17% of the current U.S. market, and would generate more than $140 million in annual sales at 2019 prices. USA Rare Earth anticipates that the rare earth magnet plant will be constructed near to the Round Top Project which is serviced by existing roads, rail and power infrastructure and is near centers of technology and research universities, including El Paso, Austin, and San Antonio.